Multi-Level Governance in Addressing Climate Change in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The utilization of multilevel governance (MLG) is a significant factor in effectively addressing the challenges posed by climate change in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The objective of this study is to examine the significance of MLG in mitigating the effects of climate change and its ramifications for policymaking and proficient governance. The present research has identified the importance of intergovernmental collaboration and coordination, along with the active participation of diverse stakeholders such as civil society organizations and the private sector. The investigation employed a Systematic Literature Review approach. Through an analysis of the experiences and practices of these nations, this study elucidates the pivotal elements that facilitate an efficacious response to climate change. Additionally, this study addressed the obstacles and constraints faced during the implementation of the MLG methodology. The results presented herein enhance the comprehension of the function of MLG in mitigating climate change. They also offer valuable perspectives for policymakers and practitioners to formulate effective strategies and policies that foster sustainable development and resilience in the context of climate change in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Keywords: multi-level governance, climate change, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore