Raman imaging of macrophages incubated with triglyceride-enriched oxLDL visualizes translocation of lipids between endocytic vesicles and lipid droplets

Abstract

Raman spectroscopic imaging was used to investigate the uptake of oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) by human macrophages. To better understand the endocytic pathway and the intracellular fate of modified lipoproteins is of foremost interest with regard to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. To obtain information on the storage process of lipids caused by oxLDL uptake, Raman spectroscopic imaging was used because of its unique chemical specificity, especially for lipids. For the present study, a protocol was established to incorporate deuterated tripalmitate into oxLDL. Subsequently, human THP-1 macrophages were incubated for different time points and their chemical composition was analyzed using Raman spectroscopic imaging. β-Carotene was found to be a reliable marker molecule for the uptake of lipoproteins into macrophages. In addition, lipoprotein administration led to small endocytic vesicles with different concentrations of deuterated lipids within the cells. For the first time, the translocation of deuterated lipids from endocytic vesicles into lipid droplets over time is reported in mature human THP-1 macrophages.