Chiral spin constrained assemblies for polarized optical mapping

Abstract

Optical-enabled identification and interaction provide an integral link between the digital and physical realms. However, nowadays optic-encodings, predominantly reliant on light’s intensity and wavelength, are hindered by environmental light interference and limited information capacity. The introduction of unusual polarization states, such as circular polarization—which is absent from ordinary surroundings—holds promise for higher-dimensional interaction. Here, we propose a circularly polarized optical mapper capable of generating high-entropy, noise-resistant keys, serving as a physical interface for unique interaction process between parties. To materialize this mapper, we developed an automated, in situ synthesis platform that facilitates the self-acting fabrication of robust, solid-state, chiral optical spin constrained assemblies. Our mappers, formed by randomized arrays of discrete assemblies, demonstrate near-theoretical performance in uniformity (0.4917), uniqueness (0.4968), and reliability (0.9355). By emitting high-dimensional spin-polarized light, our mappers enable both far-field readout and near-field authentication, with resistance to stray light interference, offering promising applications in the internet of things, augmented reality, and beyond.