Disseminated Pyrazinamide-Resistant Mycobacterium Bovis in an AIDS Patient: The Role of Molecular Diagnosis and Optimized Therapy

Abstract

Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection is a rare but serious complication in immunocompromised individuals, particularly in those with advanced HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis is often delayed owing to overlapping clinical features with those of other mycobacterial infections. We report a case of disseminated M. bovis infection in a severely immunocompromised patient with AIDS. Rapid identification was achieved using molecular diagnostic techniques, specifically fluorescent PCR melting curve analysis, which enabled timely adjustments to antimicrobial therapy. The patient showed significant clinical improvement and resolution of symptoms. This case underscores the importance of early molecular diagnostics and tailored therapeutic strategies for managing opportunistic infections, such as M. bovis, in patients with HIV/AIDS. These findings highlight the need for broader implementation of advanced diagnostic tools to improve outcomes and mitigate the risks of treatment failure and drug resistance in vulnerable populations.