Challenges and Solutions in Combining Three Design Approaches from Different Disciplines in an Action-Research Project in Ergonomics

Abstract

This article examines a design approach implemented in an action–research project aimed at supporting occupational health and safety in a pre–employment training program in Québec. This specific context, which alternates between study and work placements, is characterized by complex work activities, gender–based health inequities, and a rapid digital transition. To address these challenges, three complementary design approaches were adopted the Future Activity Approach, Sex and Gender–Based Analysis Plus SGBA+ and agile software development. The study documents the challenges encountered, particularly regarding timelines and stakeholder coordination, while proposing tailored solutions to leverage the strengths of this combination. The findings reveal that the relative importance of each approach varies depending on the design stages and specific needs. Two concrete examples illustrate the tool design process, emphasizing the active participation of teacher–supervisors. This article contributes to methodological discussions on integrating complementary design approaches, highlighting the importance of adaptability and reflexivity in participatory and interdisciplinary projects.