Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Analysis of Eleuthoside B from Eleutherine bulbosa Urb. Bulbs Purified Extract from Lampo Donggala, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is becoming a severe health problem with associated economic and societal impacts. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common, accounting for about 90% of all diabetes cases in the world, and the prevalence is projected to increase, reaching 643 and 783 million by 2030 and 2045, respectively. This disease is characterized by a diminished responsiveness of the liver and muscle cells to insulin, causing fluctuations in blood glucose levels. Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa Urb.) is a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant proven to have many pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and phytochemical analysis of E. bulbosa Urb. Bulbs purified extract from Lampo Donggala, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The bulb extract of E. bulbosa Urb was assessed for its antidiabetic activity in vitro using the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) detection were used to characterize the phytochemical composition and quantify the analytes, with Eleuthoside B as a marker compound. The purified extract exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 5.29 mg/mL. Eleuthoside B was detected in the purified extract by TLC with Rf value of 0.71. A quantitative determination using HPLC-PDA yielded Eleuthoside B content of 34.7916 ± 0.16 mg/g extract. The study concluded that the purified extract from the bulb of E. bulbosa, sourced from Lampo Donggala, Central Sulawesi, possess α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential as an antidiabetic agent.