Advanced Nonrestorative Treatment Modalities to Alleviate Dentin Hypersensitivity: An Update

Abstract

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is a chronic painful disease affecting millions of adults across the globe. Patients experience sharp, stabbing pain on slight tactile and thermal stimulation, having debilitating effects on mental and physical health. Aim: This review article outlines the mechanism of action and various recent advanced nonrestorative treatment modalities used to alleviate dentin hypersensitivity. Review results: Desensitizing agents are classified into two types: agents that alleviate dentin hypersensitivity by occluding the dentinal tubules or by disturbing the transmission of nerve impulses. Potassium salts, such as potassium nitrate, disturb neural transmission. Fluorides, varnishes, adhesive resins, oxalates, bioglass, Portland cement, and lasers are used to seal the dentinal tubules. Although these treatment options are effective in treating dentin hypersensitivity, their efficacy reduces over a long period and requires regular follow-up. To overcome this, biomimetic materials that can regenerate and form reparative dentin have been introduced. Nanohydroxyapatite crystals, bioactive nanofiber scaffolds, nanorobots, propolis-based varnish, oligopeptides, ozone therapy, casein-phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, pro-Argin technology, and copine 7 have been proven to be effective with regenerative potential and can form reparative dentin. Conclusion: The treatment of dentin hypersensitivity should be initiated with at-home therapy, followed by in-office therapy. To improve the efficacy of the treatment, the etiology should be addressed, and long-term treatment options should be considered. The use of biomimetic materials can permanently cure dentin hypersensitivity where there is minimal or no loss of dentin volume and where restoration is not indicated, thus improving the patient’s quality of life. Clinical significance: Proper diagnosis and thorough knowledge of recent advancements and clinical applications of biomimetic materials for alleviating dentin hypersensitivity improve the efficacy and longevity of the treatment.