Challenges and Opportunities: Identification and Monitoring of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Pediatrics

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that typically presents in childhood and can cause significant impairment from youth into adulthood across multiple settings (eg, school, home). Pediatricians are the most likely health professionals to identify and treat ADHD. However, ADHD symptoms often overlap with other common mental health disorders, making accurate identification challenging. The diagnosis of ADHD relies on a combination of history gathering, screening tools, and clinical judgment. In this article, we review tools and strategies for ADHD identification, assessment, and treatment monitoring in primary care pediatrics.