Urine flow cytometry in older adults urinary tract infection diagnosis: is it time to reevaluate thresholds for men and women?

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the utility of automated urine flow cytometry in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older patients without waiting for urine culture results. Methods: This prospective study included patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to the emergency department of Besançon University Hospital over a six-month period. Clinical and biological data were collected and UTI diagnosis was based on strict clinical and biological criteria. Urine analysis was performed using the UF-4000 (Sysmex). Parameters or thresholds were defined based on an AUC > 0.8 and a clinically relevant negative likelihood ratio (LR-) < 0.1. Results: Of 456 patients, 69 (15.1%) had a UTI. Bacteriuria (AUC = 0.874) and leukocyturia (AUC = 0.925) were strongly associated with UTI, with thresholds of 150 bacteria/µL and 50 leukocytes/µL (both LR- < 0.1). These cut-offs varied by sex. Urine dipsticks effectively excluded UTI in men (LR- < 0.1), but were less reliable in women (LR- = 0.129). Gender-specific diagnostic algorithms were suggested. Conclusions: Urine flow cytometry provides valuable diagnostic thresholds for bacteriuria and leukocyturia and helps to exclude UTI before culture results. Recommendations for the diagnosis of UTI in older patients should take into account gender differences.