Giant valley splitting in monolayer WS2 by magnetic proximity effect

Abstract

Lifting the valley degeneracy of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) would allow versatile control of the valley degree of freedom. We report a giant valley exciton splitting of 16 meV/T for monolayer WS2, using the proximity effect from an EuS substrate, which is enhanced by nearly two orders of magnitude from that obtained by an external magnetic field. More interestingly, a sign reversal of the valley splitting is observed as compared to that of WSe2 on EuS. Using first principles calculations, we investigate the complex behavior of exchange interactions between TMDs and EuS. The sign reversal is attributed to competing ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interactions for Eu- and S- terminated EuS surface sites. They act differently on the conduction and valence bands of WS2 compared to WSe2. Tuning the sign and magnitude of the valley exciton splitting offers opportunities for control of valley pseudospin for quantum information processing.