Finite temperature description of an interacting Bose gas

Abstract

We derive the equation of state of a Bose gas with contact interactions using relativistic quantum field theory. The calculation accounts for both thermal and quantum corrections up to one-loop order. We work in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation and follow Yukalov's prescription of introducing two chemical potentials, one for the condensed phase and another one for the excited phase, to circumvent the well-known Hohenberg-Martin dilemma. As a check on the formalism, we take the nonrelativistic limit and reproduce the known results. Finally, we translate our results to the hydrodynamical, two-fluid model for finite-temperature superfluids. Our results are relevant for the phenomenology of Bose-Einstein condensate and superfluid dark matter candidates, as well as the color-flavor locking phase of quark matter in neutron stars.