Targeting the EGFR and Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Pathways in Oral Cancer: A Plausible Alliance to Enhance Cell Death

Abstract

Head and neck cancer (HNC), especially oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a common and increasingly prevalent cancer worldwide. OSCC is challenging to treat due to its aggressive nature and resistance to standard therapies like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, particularly in advanced stages. Cetuximab, a drug targeting EGFR (a protein that supports cancer cell growth), is often used but has limitations in effectiveness. This study explores a new approach by combining Cetuximab with drugs that target proteins involved in cell division, specifically MPS-1, Aurora-B, and KSP. These proteins help cancer cells progress through the cell cycle and are crucial for tumor survival. By blocking both EGFR and these cell division proteins, the study aimed to increase the effectiveness of Cetuximab in killing OSCC cells. Results showed that targeting MPS-1, Aurora-B, or KSP alongside EGFR led to more cancer cell death, suggesting that this combined approach could reduce treatment resistance. Analysis of patient samples confirmed that these proteins are significant in OSCC. This combined therapy strategy shows promise for improving outcomes in OSCC and potentially other head and neck cancers.