Karakterisasi Pelaku Usaha Patin untuk Mendukung Jambi sebagai Sentra Patin Nasional

Abstract

Ikan patin merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) dalam program percepatan industrialisasi perikanan budi daya. KKP terus melakukan pemantauan dan mendorong produksi patin nasional dengan mendirikan sentra patin di beberapa provinsi, salah satunya Provinsi Jambi. Mengingat adanya potensi pengembangan budi daya patin yang besar, sejak 2017 Provinsi Jambi dicanangkan menjadi sentra ikan nasional, tetapi hingga saat ini belum terealisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran terkini kondisi perikanan patin di Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2019 menggunakan metode deskriptif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara terhadap key informan. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku usaha yang ditentukan dengan Metode Slovin, responden konsumen serta pembuat kebijakan yang ditentukan dengan purposive sampling. Kondisi industri budi daya terkini menunjukkan bahwa pembudi daya mengalami beberapa permasalahan, diantaranya: keterbatasan modal, serangan penyakit, sulitnya memperoleh bahan baku pembuatan pakan mandiri serta masalah utama terbatasnya akses pemasaran, sedangkan pada industri pengolahan terlihat banyaknya jumlah unit pengolahan yang tidak beroperasional baik skala UMKM maupun skala besar seperti UPI fillet patin, serta permasalahan umum terbatasnya akses pemasaran. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, penunjukan Provinsi Jambi sebagai sentra patin nasional belum berhasil, maka rekomendasi yang dapat diusulkan, yaitu menjadikan program sentra patin nasional sebagai salah satu agenda di RPJMD atau Renstra DKP Provinsi Jambi, pemerintah merevitalisasi kembali unit pengolahan fillet patin, membuka jaringan pemasaran yang lebih luas, menyediakan penampung tetap hasil panen, serta perlu adanya penyediaan informasi penyedia bahan baku untuk pembuatan pakan mandiri.Title: Characterization of Patin Business Actors to support Jambi as the National Patin CenterPangasius has become one of the largest commodities in the acceleration program of aquaculture industry of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF). In order to constantly monitor and encourage the production of national pangasius, MMAF has established pangasius centers in several provinces, one of them is located in Jambi Province. Considering the large potential for developing pangasius aquaculture, since 2017 Jambi was proclaimed as a national fish center, but it has not been realized. The research aimed to describe a current picture of the condition of pangasius fisheries in Jambi Province. The research was conducted from February to August 2019 by using descriptive method with case study approach. Data were collected by observation and depth interview to key informan. Respondents of the research were businessmen were determined by Slovin Method, consumers, and policy makers were determined by purposive sampling. The aquaculture industry exhibits several problems including: limited business capital, disease attack, difficult obtain of raw materials for independent feed, as well as the main problem in limited access of its marketing, meanwhile In processing industry, there are a large number of idle processing units, both small scale processing units and large-scale processing units such as Fish Processing Unit (UPI) of Pangasius Fillet and common problems in marketing access. Based on above issues, the appointment of Jambi Province as a national pangasius center has not been successful. Therefore, it is recommended to enclose the national pangasius center program in the Regional Mid-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) or marine and fisheries strategic plan of Jambi Province, to revive the catfish fillet processing unit, to expand the wide-ranging access of marketing, to facilitate the harvested catfish in permanent container, and to provide information of raw material supplier for independent food production.