Determinants of utilization of cervical cancer screening among women in the age group of 30–49 years in Ambo Town, Central Ethiopia: A case-control study

Abstract

Background Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common and the leading cause of death in women in low-income countries. It is one of the potentially preventable cancers, and an effective screening program can result in a significant reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with this cancer; however, evidence showed that only a small percentage of the women were screened. As a result, predictors of cervical cancer screening usage among women in Ambo town, central Ethiopia, were identified in this study. Method Unmatched, a community-based case-control study was conducted among 195 randomly sampled women in the age group of 30–49 years in Ambo town from February 1 to March 30, 2020. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS. Results A total of 195 study participants, sixty-five cases and one hundred thirty controls, participated in this study, making a response rate of 100%. Being in the age group of 30–34 years old (AOR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.06–0.7), being Para five and above (AOR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.4–14.1), modern contraceptive utilization (AOR = 5.4; 95% CI: 1.8–16.3) and having high-level knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and its predisposing factors (AOR = 5.9; 95% CI: 2–17) were significantly associated with the utilization of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion The age of women, parity, use of modern contraception, and level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening and its predisposing factors were the determinants of the utilization of cervical cancer screening among women. As a result, the media, the health bureau, and health professionals should advocate raising awareness about cervical cancer and its preventative methods, which are primarily focused on screening.