A review on classifications, recent synthesis and applications of textile dyes

Abstract

The classification of textile dyes has become essential due to the remarkable increase in the type and number of dyes. The structural classification of these dyes can be determined by the following functional groups: Anthraquinone, azo, phthalocyanine, sulfur, indigo, nitro, nitroso, etc. taking into account their chemical structures. Another classification was based on the method of applying these dyes on an industrial scale. The dyes are grouped together as dispersed, direct, acid, reactive, basic, vat, etc. In this review, the dyes will be studied in three different groups depending on the chemical structures with an overview on the synthesis of some new dyes, color index numbers (C.I.) and application methods. Finally, it would be also interesting to briefly discuss the effects of the textiles dyes on environment.