Exosomes and breast cancer angiogenesis; Highlights in intercellular communication

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent and highly lethal cancer in females. Like other cancer types, the intricate cellular and molecular heterogeneity leads to the variation of therapeutic outcomes. The development and progression of blood vessels increase the tumor cell expansion and metastasis to remote sites. Based on several pieces of scientific data, different mediators and cells are involved in the promotion of angiogenesis into the tumor parenchyma. Recent data have indicated the critical role of extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes (Exos), in the transfer of angiogenesis molecules between the BC cells. Due to unique physicochemical properties, and the transfer of certain signaling molecules, Exos are at the center of attention in terms of biomarkers and therapeutic bullets in cancer patients. Along with these statements, understanding the modulatory role of Exos in BC angiogenesis seems critical in the clinical setting. Here, the mechanisms by which BC cells can orchestrate the angiogenesis phenomenon via Exos are discussed in detail. The present study can help us to understand the pro-/anti-angiogenesis role of Exos in BC and to design better oncostatic strategies.