Clinical Significance of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Determined by the Simple Precipitation Method

Abstract

Objective-Recently, we established a simple method for the quantification of small dense LDL cholesterol (C) using heparin-magnesium precipitation. The small dense LDL-C level was identical to cholesterol in the denser LDL fraction with a density of 1.044 to 1.063 g/mL. The aim of this study was to examine clinical significance of this precipitation method for small dense LDL-C. Methods and Results-Small dense LDL-C was measured by a direct homogenous LDL-C assay in the supernatant that remained after heparin-magnesium precipitation with density < 1.044 lipoproteins. In 313 normolipidemic subjects, the mean value of small dense LDL-C was 31±13 mg/dL. In 462 healthy subjects, small dense LDL-C levels were positively correlated with serum triglyceride and LDL-C and were inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Combined hyperlipidemia showed the highest small dense LDL-C level among the various types of hyperlipidemia. Patients with type 2 diabetes had an increased small dense LDL-C level (55±17). Patients with coronary heart disease also had increased small dense LDL-C levels (53±30) irrespective of the presence of diabetes, whereas their LDL-C levels were comparable to those of normolipidemic controls (111±31 versus 104±22). Conclusion-These results suggest that measurement of small dense LDL-C by the present precipitation method is useful to evaluate atherogenic risk and may be applicable to routine clinical examination.