The effect of curcumin oral gel on radiation-induced oral mucositis in relation to salivary epidermal growth factor

Abstract

Background: Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) poses a significant challenge in the management of head and neck cancer patients (HNCs). Patients may require adjustments in their cancer treatment, such as dose reductions or treatment delays, which can decrease the effectiveness of the antineoplastic therapy. Numerous clinical investigations have demonstrated that curcumin, an herbal agent, exhibits a wide range of pharmacologic actions, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticarcinogenic effects and the ability to enhance wound healing. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of curcumin oral gel with the magic solution (dexamethasone-based mouthwash) as a standard mouthwash treatment for RIOM in relation to salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) before and after radiation therapy. Methods: Thirty-one HNCs who received radiotherapy with a head and neck mask were divided into the curcumin oral gel and the magic-solution groups. Saliva samples were collected before radiation, at the 3rd week of radiation, and post-radiation. Salivary EGF was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RIOM was assessed using both the WHO and the VAS scales. Results: Significant differences were found between both groups in the WHO scale (P = 0.027) and VAS score (P = 0.047). Patients who used oral curcumin gel presented with less severe RIOM and elevated salivary EGF levels during the radiation sessions. Conclusion: Curcumin oral gel might be an effective agent in preventing and managing RIOM, as evidenced by the observed increase in salivary EGF.