Immunological Effects of Autogenous Vaccine Administration in Cattle with Cutaneous Papillomatosis

Abstract

Papillomavirus is a viral agent that induces the formation of benign tumors in mammals. There are different treatment methods for cutaneous papilloma caused by the bovine papillomavirus (BPV), and one of them is autogenous vaccination. We aimed to investigate the immunological effects of autogenous vaccination in cattle. In this study, 30 cattle with cutaneous papillomatosis were included. The diagnosis was made by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, the pathogen responsible for the papilloma was classified as BPV-2 type in the genus of Delta papillomavirus. The papilloma tissue specimens collected from each animal were used to prepare the autogenous vaccine. The autogenous vaccine was administered once a week for 4 weeks. The blood samples collected before and after the vaccination were immunologically analyzed. It was determined that the autogenous vaccination led to an increase in the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Once the vaccine was administered, regression started in the cutaneous papilloma in the first month. As a result, bovine papillomatosis is an economically important infection for dairy farming. It has been concluded that autogenous vaccination is a practical therapeutic method that causes lesions to regress, especially by triggering IL-6 and lymphocyte production in the cattle infected with papillomavirus.