Cytotoxic effects of Al-Yohedia municipal waste water

Abstract

Household waste water represent an hazardous reservoir for wide range of medically important pathogens than can push an alarm on public health threatening diseases. It contain toxic materials, hazardous heavy metals and different pathogens. The study includes investigation of microbial, environmental, pathological and molecular effects of waste water. The results of dissolved heavy metals concentration revealed high Ni concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 119.675±0.778 mg/L), high Mn concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 108.2±1.095 mg/L), high Fe concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 119.675±0.740.475±1.228 mg/L), high Cd concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 13.75±1mg/L), high Cu concentration (Mean±SD of four sites were 5±0.755mg/L) with no significant differences in concentration among four sites for Ni and Cu while difference noted among Mn, Fe and Cd. Results of microbial study revealed that the Mean±SD of CFU/ml were 1.97x1010±0.543 and the microbes were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. albicans, C. krusei and C. glabrata with MAR index ranged from (0-1). DNA damage results using comet assay for revealed that high level of damage to DNA of rat dosed with waste water compared with those dosed with fresh water in both tail length (11.35±2.1, 2.7±0.9) and tail moment (1.193±0.11, 0.2±0.1) respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect of 8-OHDG among liver tissues of rat dosed with waste water (study) and fresh water (control) and the results revealed strong signal (high expression) in all liver tissues of rat dosed with waste water (study) compared with those dosed with fresh water (control) whose gave negative results. Histopathological results of eat dosed with waste water compared with those dosed with fresh water (control) were observed after 60 days of dosing. the results displayed that the control was normal where mild chronic hepatitis showed in samples of site 1, 2, 3 while site4 had moderate chronic hepatitis and Fasciola hepatica. The current study conclude that, Al-Yohedia Municipal wastewater is very dangerous and have different clinically important pathogens along with different cytotoxic materials.