RISK ASSESSMENT TO HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS IN NICARAGUA USING GIS TOOLS: PERIOD OF 2022

Abstract

Disaster risk management is a component of local development, including it transversally from education programs and also government policies. Considering the characteristics and impacts that climate change is generating in the world and Latin America, and despite the existence of different regulatory and operational frameworks, there are few specific risk approach methodologies for different hazards. In Nicaragua, hydrometeorological hazards (specifically drought and floods) are a constant that mainly occurs in the Pacific and Caribbean regions. The research presents the situation of Nicaragua, by 2022, in relation to tropical storms and droughts, while it discusses some applied methodologies (such as the INFORM). It highlights the validity and usefulness of certain methodologies for the management and elaboration of hydrometeorological models, allowing the projection of scenarios and risk indices which, in turn, help to decision making and mitigation actions. The article contains the methodological and specific results and discusses some reflections from studies and experiences by other authors on the subject.