Analgesia effects of IPACK block added to multimodal analgesia regiments after total knee replacement: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background:Currently, no meta-analysis exists elucidate the analgesic effect of adding IPACK block to our current multimodal analgesia regimen after total knee replacement (TKR). The purpose of this study is to systematically review the level I evidence in the literature to ascertain whether IPACK block can bring additional analgesic benefits to existing multimodal analgesia regimens.Methods:The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Only level I randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our study. The primary outcome was the pain scores with rest and activity. Secondary outcomes included cumulative opioid consumption, cumulative distance ambulated, and length of stay (LOS).Results:Five RCTs with a total of 467 patients were included. The most important finding in our study was that although IPACK block supplementation improved pain scores at 12hours with rest or activity after surgery, no such benefit was observed at subsequent time points during the postoperative period. Interestingly, IPACK supplementation did not reduce opioid consumption, especially in the first 24hours after surgery. Furthermore, other postoperative outcomes, including cumulative distance ambulated and LOS, were also not improved by the addition of an IPACK.Conclusions:The addition of an IPACK block to multimodal analgesia regiments does not reduce the postoperative opioid consumption nor improve functional performance. However, it may be an appropriate method to improve immediate analgesic effects after TKR.