Thoracoscopic pleural brushing — An innovative method of pleural sampling in diagnostic medical thoracoscopy

Abstract

Introduction: Pleural biopsy is the commonest mode of obtaining thoracoscopic pleural specimens from suspected pleural lesions. However, this may be associated with a risk of bleeding in certain cases. The decision to perform biopsy could be difficult, especially when the lesions are close to vascular structures and the visceral pleura. So, pleural brushing can be used to get safely thoracoscopic specimens in addition to biopsy samples. Aim: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of thoracoscopic pleural brushing in exudative pleural effusions. Material and methods: This prospective study was done in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College, Pondicherry, India on 80 patients with exudative pleural effusion in whom pleural fluid analysis and closed pleural biopsy results were inconclusive. All these patients were subjected to medical thoracoscopy after getting informed consent. Pleural biopsy and pleural brushings were taken and sent for analysis. Results: Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy was diagnostic in 76 of 80 patients (95%). Thoracoscopic pleural brushing was diagnostic in 74 patients (92.5%). Histopathology revealed malignancy (82.7%), granulomatous inflammation (11.5%) and nonspecific inflammation (5.7%). The sensitivity and specificity of pleural brushing were 96% and 75%, respectively. Interestingly, pleural brushing was the only diagnostic modality in one patient that was reported to be adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Thoracoscopic pleural brushing is an easy, convenient and safe procedure as it can augment the diagnostic yield of thoracoscopy. It is of significant value, especially in sampling pleural lesions close to vessels and the visceral pleura compared to pleural biopsy.