Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, often collectively referred to as the interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are classified together because of similar clinical, radiographic, physiologic, or pathologic manifestations (algorithm 1). The results of clinical assessment, laboratory tests, imaging, and pulmonary function tests guide the decisions about whether to pursue transbronchoscopic, thoracoscopic, or surgical lung biopsy, as outlined in the algorithm (algorithm 2). The indications and methods for obtaining lung biopsies to evaluate ILD will be reviewed here. The clinical evaluation, diagnostic testing, role of bronchoalveolar lavage, and histopathologic patterns commonly encountered in adults with suspected ILD are discussed separately. (See "Approach to the adult with interstitial lung disease: Clinical evaluation" and "Approach to the adult with interstitial lung disease: Diagnostic testing" and "Basic principles and technique of bronchoalveolar lavage" and "Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of interstitial lung disease".)