Cytotoxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of aluminum in murine thymocytes and lymphocytes

Abstract

The effects of low concentrations of aluminum chloride on thymocytes and lymphocytes acutely dissociated from young mice were studied using flow cytometry with a DNA-binding dye. We demonstrate a rapid and dose-dependent injury in murine thymocytes and lymphocytes resulting from exposure to aluminum, as indicated by an increase in the entry into the cell of the DNA-binding dye, propidium iodine. A 60-minute exposure to 10μM AlCl 3 caused damage of about 5 of thymocytes, while 50 were injured after 10 minutes at 20μM. Nearly all thymocytes showed evidence of damage at 30μM AlCl 3 after only 5 minutes of incubation. In lymphocytes, injury was observed at 15μM AlCl 3 and less than 50 of cells were injured after a 60-minute exposure to 20μM. Injury only rarely proceeded to rapid cell death and was associated with cell swelling. These results suggest that aluminum has cytotoxic effects on cells of the immune system. Copyright © 2011 Jamal Kamalov et al.