Attrition in intimate partner violence cases through the criminal justice system: a scoping review of patterns and predictors

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses significant social and legal challenges, with severe consequences for victims and society. Despite the criminal justice system’s crucial role, attrition–where reported cases diminish before prosecution–remains a major concern. This scoping review examines patterns and predictors influencing attrition in IPV cases, analysing 24 empirical studies. Findings reveal that 63% to 97.2% of reported cases do not result in conviction, with predictors categorised into victimological (e.g. vulnerability, lack of cooperation), criminological (e.g. offender characteristics, recidivism), and legal/institutional (e.g. evidence collection, procedural barriers). The review emphasises the need for improved victim support, evidence handling, and professional awareness. However, the inclusion of studies from diverse legal systems, primarily the U.S. limits generalisability. Future research should explore diverse legal contexts, compare jurisdictions, and consider the timeline of attrition to identify key intervention points.