Mixed Use by Default: How the Europeans (Don't) Zone

Abstract

Zoning is such a cornerstone of the US planning system that for US planners it may be hard to imagine that one can regulate development without it. But is zoning a widely shared institution? Is it as integral to the planning systems of other "developed" nations as it is in the United States? Based on a review of literature and planning documents, this article contrasts land-use regulation in five European countries (England, France, Germany, Sweden, and Russia) to that in the United States. It argues that far from being universal, zoning (at least the type of land-use zoning routinely applied in the United States) is not practiced in Europe. The comparison allows us to appreciate the uniqueness of US institutions and speculate on the cultural underpinnings of the European-American differences. © The Author(s) 2012.