Vanadium – good or bad – The role of vanadium in the central nervous system disorders, potential therapeutic targets and its toxicity

Abstract

When we see dust particles floating in the sunlit air, we do not realize that these particles also contain vanadium. Vanadium (V) is a trace element in air, soil, water, and food. In living organisms, it occurs mainly as vanadyl (cation) or vanadate (anion). Vanadium has a wide range of applications in the industry. In addition, its therapeutic potential - particularly as an anti-diabetic agent - has been indicated. However, its therapeutic use is controversial due to postulated concerns regarding its toxicity and possible involvement in cognitive disorders. Recent research is focusing on the role of vanadium in the treatment of conditions such as depression or schizophrenia. This review attempts to summarize what is known about the potential of vanadium in the context of both metabolic and cognitive disorders. It highlights the need for further research into its safety, efficacy, and wider therapeutic applications.