MENTAL HEALTH POLICIES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW BETWEEN THE USA AND AFRICAN NATIONS

Abstract

This comparative review examines mental health policies in the United States and various African nations, shedding light on the divergent approaches taken to address the complex challenges posed by mental health disorders. The analysis underscores the contextual nuances that shape mental health policy formulation and implementation in these distinct regions. In the United States, a comprehensive mental health policy framework has evolved over the years, characterized by a combination of federal and state initiatives. The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, alongside the Affordable Care Act, has sought to integrate mental health services into mainstream healthcare, promoting accessibility and reducing stigma. Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health plays a pivotal role in advancing research and evidence-based interventions. Contrastingly, African nations exhibit a wide spectrum of mental health policy landscapes, reflecting the diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts across the continent. Some countries have made significant strides in policy development, emphasizing community-based approaches and integration with primary healthcare systems. However, challenges persist, including limited resources, mental health workforce shortages, and stigma associated with mental health conditions. The review explores the role of cultural factors in shaping mental health policies, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive approaches in African nations. It also highlights the disparities in resource allocation and mental health infrastructure between the USA and African countries, contributing to variations in service accessibility and quality of care. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, improve public awareness, and strengthen community support systems. The review concludes by calling for increased international collaboration, knowledge exchange, and resource mobilization to address the mental health disparities between the USA and African nations, fostering a global commitment to holistic mental healthcare. Keywords:  Health, Policies, Mental, Care, Stigmatize.