Role of novice family caregivers of dependent adults: A scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: An increase in the number of adults with dependencies, disabilities or care needs has led to the emergence of family caregivers, who regularly assume this responsibility without any previous training or knowledge, which may result in compromising their performance in this new role and their outcomes in care recipients. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's scoping framework, which included the review of studies in English and Spanish that are available in online databases to extract the information related to the adoption of the role of novice family caregiver of dependent adults. Results: A total of 42 articles was selected from which five major themes were identified, including sociodemographic trends, course and dynamics over time, transitions involved in this new role, participation in decision making, and domains and impacts on caregivers. Discussion: Performing the role of a novice family caregiver of dependent adults involves acquiring a series of competencies, knowledge and skills, as well as requiring adequate social support, all of which are aspects that should be explored, recognized and addresses by nursing professionals. Conclusions: This study provides information to understand the experiences and implications of becoming a novice caregiver, thus enabling healthcare professionals to adapt interventions aimed to support caregivers and improve their well-being.