La durabilité des systèmes halieutiques sénégalais dans un contexte d’exploitation des hydrocarbures: réflexion géographique à partir des territoires de la Grande-Côte

Abstract

This article raises the issue of the sustainability of fisheries systems in the context of the exploitation of oil and gas resources in Senegal (Sangomar offshore, Cayar offshore and Saint-Louis offshore). These strategic resources are part of, or even embedded in, territories with strong fishing traditions. They have played a decisive role in the security of Senegalese households by ensuring food security and social balance, in addition to the balance of trade. But are they sufficiently prepared to withstand the changes caused by oil and gas while ensuring the stability of traditional fisheries systems? This question is beginning to take shape in the fishing territories of the Grande-Côte (Cayar and Saint-Louis), which have already been affected by the fisheries crisis resulting from the combined effects of climate change and anthropic pressure on resources. These territories are experiencing a decline in fish production, in addition to the technical unemployment of fishermen and the clandestine migration of young fishermen to Europe. In such a context, a prospective analysis of these fishing systems is necessary in order to identify sustainability mechanisms for maintaining their fishing vocation and to develop economic diversification strategies.