Degradation mechanism of concrete subjected to external sulfate attack: Comparison of different curing conditions

Abstract

Sulfate induced degradation of concrete brings great damage to concrete structures in saline or offshore areas. The degradation mechanism of cast-in-situ concrete still remains unclear. This paper investigates the degradation process and corresponding mechanism of cast-in-situ concrete when immersed in sulfate-rich corrosive environments. Concrete samples with different curing conditions were prepared and immersed in sulfate solutions for 12 months to simulate the corrosion of precast and cast-in-situ concrete structures, respectively. Tests regarding the changes of physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of concrete samples were conducted and recorded continuously during the immersion. Micro-structural and mineral methods were performed to analyze the changes of concrete samples after immersion. Results indicate that the corrosion process of cast-in-situ concrete is much faster than the degradation of precast concrete. Chemical attack is the main cause of degradation for both precast and cast-in-situ concrete. Concrete in the environment with higher sulfate concentration suffers more severe degradation. The water/cement ratio has a significant influence on the durability of concrete. A lower water/cement ratio results in obviously better resistance against sulfate attack for both precast and cast-in-situ concrete.