Revealing Indonesian healthcare workers’ burnout, work engagement, and job satisfaction during the covid-19 pandemic: the lens of the job demands-resources model

Abstract

This study aims to shed light on the working conditions of healthcare institutions (HCIs) during the Covid-19 pandemic by adopting and extending the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to the psychological conditions (i.e., burnout, work engagement, and job satisfaction) of healthcare workers (HCWs). A quantitative design was employed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, in which questionnaires were distributed to HCWs (n = 400). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Additionally, this study employed two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis to address endogeneity concerns. The findings confirm the JD-R model (i.e., the health impairment process, the motivational process, and the cross-link relationships) and its impact on HCWs’ job satisfaction. This study contributes to existing literature on the JD-R model by highlighting the crisis context in revealing the JD-R model and its impact on work-related well-being and HCI practitioners in ensuring business processes in crisis circumstances such as the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly decreasing burnout and increasing work engagement and job satisfaction of HCWs.