Bone protrusion that we should be aware of: Foraminal osteophytes; classification and surgical results

Abstract

Aim: The aim is to report our surgical results and techniques and to establish a common classification system for lumbar foraminal osteophytes. Methods: Thirty-six patients who underwent surgery at our institution were included. Because of the presence of radicular pain in these patients, after magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine was performed to confirm foraminal stenosis. Osteophytes were classified using CT images in patients with findings of foraminal stenosis related to osteophyte formation. Preoperative and postoperative visual analouge scale scores for leg pain were compared. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements after surgical treatment. Osteophytes in the lumbar foramina were examined and classified as grades 1 to 4. A treatment algorithm for osteophyte-related radiculopathy was established. Conclusion: Foraminal osteophytes induce radiculopathy in degenerative spine disease and have a high incidence. If there are radicular findings in degenerative lumbar diseases and problems at the foraminal level, then the size of the foramen and grade of osteophytes should be evaluated with lumbar CT. Surgical treatment can achieve significant results.