Platelet variability index: A measure of platelet count fluctuations in patients with immune thrombocytopenia

Abstract

Fluctuations in platelet count levels over time may help distinguish immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) from other causes of thrombocytopenia. We derived the platelet variability index (PVI) to capture both the fluctuations in platelet count measurements and the severity of the thrombocytopenia over time. Raw PVI values, ranging from negative (less severe thrombocytopenia and/or low fluctuations) to positive (more severe thrombocytopenia and/or high fluctuations) were converted to an ordinal PVI score, from 0 to 6. We evaluated the performance characteristics of the PVI score for consecutive adults with thrombocytopenia from the McMaster ITP Registry. We defined patients with definite ITP as those who achieved a platelet count response after treatment with intravenous immune globulin or high-dose corticosteroids and possible ITP as those who never received ITP treatment or did not respond to treatment. Of 841 patients with thrombocytopenia, 104 had definite ITP, 398 had possible ITP, and 339 had non-ITP thrombocytopenia. For patients with definite ITP, the median PVI score was 5 [interquartile range (IQR) 5, 6] for patients with possible ITP, the median PVI score was 3 (1, 5); and for patients with non-ITP thrombocytopenia, the median PVI score was 0 (0, 2). A high PVI score correlated with the diagnosis of definite ITP even when calculated at the patient’s initial assessment, before any treatment had been administered. Platelet count fluctuations alone contributed to the specificity of the overall PVI score. The PVI score may help clinicians diagnose ITP among patients who present with thrombocytopenia for evaluation.