Salivary microbiome in kidney diseases: A narrative review

Abstract

Many research has been conducted since the microbiota's discovery that have focused on the role it plays in health and disease. Microbiota can be divided into categories like intestinal, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota based on the specific localized areas. To maintain homeostasis and control immunological response, the microbial populations live in symbiosis with the host. On the other hand, dysbiosis of the microbiota can cause diseases including kidney diseases and the deregulation of body functioning. We discuss the current understanding of how various kidney diseases are caused by the salivary microbiome (SM) in this overview. First, we review the studies on the salivary microbiota in diverse clinical situations. The importance of the SM in diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy is next highlighted. We conclude that the characteristics of the SM of patients with various kidney diseases have revealed the potential of salivary microbial markers as noninvasive tool for the detection of various kidney diseases.