Engineering Quantum Light: Emitters, Photonic Structures, and On-Chip Integration

Abstract

Integrated quantum photonics is rapidly emerging as a transformative platform for realizing scalable, chip-based quantum technologies, from secure communication to advanced sensing and computing. At the heart of this revolution are solid-state quantum emitters: atom-like light sources embedded in a variety of host materials that enable single-photon generation, quantum interference, and spin–photon coupling. We begin by discussing quantum emitters across bulk crystals, van der Waals materials, and chemically synthesized nanostructures, highlighting their performance trade-offs and integration potential. We then examine nanophotonic cavities that enhance the light-matter interaction, from photonic crystals to metasurfaces and Moiré resonators. Next, we discuss fabrication techniques with sub-10 nm precision, including material-specific etching strategies and hybrid integration schemes. Finally, we address emerging approaches for deterministic placement, cavity tuning, and on-chip scalability. By bringing together insights from materials science, nanofabrication, and quantum optics, this Review provides a comprehensive perspective on the design and integration of high-performance quantum emitters for scalable photonic platforms.