Hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal barium titanate from barium hydroxide and titanium dioxide under moderate conditions

Abstract

Tetragonal BaTiO3 powders were prepared hydrothermally, using Ba(OH)2·8H2O and TiO2 (anatase), in the absence of anions such as chloride ions, at a temperature of 220 °C for several days. Characterization via X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that increasing the Ba:Ti molar ratios (from 1:1 to 4:1) and alkaline concentrations (from 1.0M to 3.0M) promotes the formation of tetragonal BaTiO3.