Fiber, coffee, cigarette and gestational diabetes mellitus in Makassar Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Objective: Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus has increased globally 10-100% for each ethnic or race in the past 20 years and the number of women with diabetes is predicted to rise to 222 million in 2030 from only 143 million in 2010. The study aimed to investigate the risk of fiber, coffee consumption and cigarette smoke exposure on the incidence of the prediabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Makassar from January, 2012 to December, 2014. The study was conducted in Rskdia Pertiwi of Makassar city. Methodology: The study used observational analytic with retrospective design. Samples were as many as 135 respondent consisting of 45 cases (undergoing GDM) and 90 control group (not undergoing GDM). The data were analyzed using the Odds Ratio (OR) test and multivariate analysis with the multiple logistic regression method. Result: The study result indicates that the prediabetes and GDM risk increases by the existence of less fiber consumption history (OR = 2.355, 95% CI: 1.12-4.94) and less coffee consumption history (OR = 2.406, 95% CI: 1.10-5.25). There is no difference of the risk of the giving birth women to undergo the prediabetes and GDM between the giving birth women who have the high smoking exposure history and the low smoking exposure history (OR = 1.902, 95% CI: 0.81-4.47). Conclusion: Fiber and coffee consumption history affect the incidence of the prediabetes and GDM incidence with probability 96%. Therefore, it is important to control dietary consumption in pregnant women.