Aceptación y factores determinantes en vacunación contra COVID-19 en usuarios del Ambulatorio “El Ujano”

Abstract

Vaccination against COVID-19 is a key preventive measure to reduce the rate of infection, contribute to herd immunity and reduce the severity of the clinical presentation. Objectives: To investigate the acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 and the determining factors in users from 18 years of age in the Urban Ambulatory type I "El Ujano" in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conduced with an accidental non-probabilistic sample made up of 276 users in October-November 2021. The collection technique used was the guided interview and a structured questionnaire was formulated as a data collection tool. The analysis was descriptive, using absolute and relative frequency measures. Results: 87,3 % accepted the vaccine, prevailing in both sexes and all age groups. Regardless of the level of education of the respondents, the high level of knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention prevailed in 60,2 %. The main source of information was television (54,8 %). The presence of a pathological history of infection by personal, family or known COVID-19 was demonstrated in 81,2 % of users, of which 53,3 % reported relatives or acquaintances who died due to this disease. The main cause of rejection (12,7 %) to vaccination was "people get sick with COVID-19 when they are vaccinated" (31,4 %). Conclusions: this study provides data for the development of plans that encourage the acceptance of vaccination as a prevention measure and thus positively influence the control of the pandemic.