Prevalence of Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factor Assessment Among Adults Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Prediabetes is an asymptomatic intermediate state of hyperglycemia with a major risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is a progressive condition; it can take a few years for patients to become diabetic from a prediabetes state. Objectives This study aimed to detect the prevalence rate of prediabetes among the adult population and to assess the association of the risk factors to prediabetes in both the male and female genders. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in primary healthcare centers (PHC) in the city of Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 378 study participants of both sexes from two central PHCs were eligible to participate in the study, which was conducted from January to February 2018. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, and a predesigned questionnaire interview to identify demographic, lifestyle, and medical variables. Two blood tests were used to diagnose prediabetes: fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C). Results The overall prevalence of prediabetes among all participants was 20% (around 21% in males and 19% in females of all ages). There was a statistically significant association between prediabetes and obesity (central obesity), hypertension, and a family history of diabetes mellitus (FHDM). Conclusion The prediabetic state is highly prevalent among adults attending PHC in Al Bahah city (20%). It is associated with obesity (especially central), hypertension, and FHDM. We highly recommend that public health professionals implement strategies for effective screening, diagnosis, and management of prediabetes.