Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates born at term with perinatal haemorrhagic stroke: A population-based study

Abstract

Aim: To assess the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of neonates born at term diagnosed with perinatal haemorrhagic stroke (PHS) and investigate the associations among brain territorial involvement, clinical risk factors, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Method: We conducted a population-based study enrolling 55 neonates born at term with PHS confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging born between 2007 and 2017. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, the Brunet–Lézine test, and the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition. Results: Follow-up was available in 50 (91%) of the infants, at a median age of 60 months (interquartile range 35–88). Forty per cent of the infants developed according to population norms, and developmental disabilities were diagnosed less frequently among neonates with frontal lobe PHS. In a multivariable model, parietal lobe PHS increased the risk for cerebral palsy (odds ratio [OR] 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–41.4) and cognitive impairment (OR: 23.6; 95% CI: 2.9–194.9), while the involvement of the thalamus and/or basal ganglia was associated with epilepsy (OR: 7.0; 95% CI: 1.3–37.7). Seizures on admission were associated with epilepsy (OR: 10.8; 95% CI: 1.8–64.3). Patients with PHS affecting multiple lobes had poor prognosis. Interpretation: Parietal lobe haemorrhage, the involvement of the thalamus/basal ganglia, PHS affecting multiple lobes, and seizures were independent predictors of chronic neurodevelopmental sequelae, suggesting that the stroke territorial involvement and clinical risk factors influence the outcome of PHS.