Polyethylene microplastics induce behavioural and developmental deficits in the Drosophila model

Abstract

Introduction: Polyethylene (PE) is a common plastic used in a variety of applications such as bottles, carry bags, and packaging materials. The extensive use and improper disposal of PE MPs have severe environmental impacts. PE MPs infiltrate ecosystems via wastewater discharge and landfill runoff, getting consumed by organisms and causing harmful bioaccumulation. These microplastics also absorb toxins and transport them up the food chain, posing health risks to humans. Objectives and methods: We generated PE MPs with sizes between 2 and 10 μm and assessed their toxicity on the Drosophila model. The study included an evaluation of the survival patterns of adult flies and behavioural and biochemical parameters in larvae and adults. Results: Our in vivo toxicological assessment revealed a severe decline in the longevity of flies and locomotory function in the larvae and adults. In addition, we also noticed a decrease in the fly eclosion rate and a substantial increase in the antioxidant enzyme activity. This result was further supported by the alterations observed in the transcriptional activation of stress response genes like Hsp70Bc, rpr, cat, p53 and sod. Conclusion: The findings from the study reveal perspectives on the harmful impacts of PE MPs on flies’ growth and development, as well as the rising threat to our environment posed by these microplastics.