Regular dental visits, periodontitis, tooth loss, and atherosclerosis: The Ohasama study

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to explore the association between regular dental visits and atherosclerosis and between periodontitis, number of remaining teeth, and atherosclerosis among community dwellers in Japan. Background: Few studies have examined the association between regular dental visits, periodontitis, tooth loss, and atherosclerosis in community dwellers in Japan. Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study included community dwellers aged ≥55 years and residing in Ohasama. Exposure variables were regular dental visits; periodontitis, defined as radiographic alveolar bone loss (BL); the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) classification; and number of remaining teeth. The primary outcome was atherosclerosis, defined as maximum carotid intima-media thickness ≥1.1 mm or confirmation of atheromatous plaque. Results: Of 602 participants, 117 had atherosclerosis. In the multivariate model, compared to those with regular dental visits, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of atherosclerosis among those with the absence of regular dental visits was 2.16 (1.03–4.49). Regarding BL-max, compared with those in the first quartile, ORs (95% CIs) of those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.15 (0.65–2.30), 0.65 (0.32–1.35), and 1.57 (0.81–3.01), respectively. Regarding CDC/AAP classification, compared to those with no or mild periodontitis, ORs (95% CIs) for those with moderate and severe periodontitis were 2.48 (0.61–10.1) and 4.26 (1.01–17.5), respectively. Regarding the number of remaining teeth, compared to those with ≥20 teeth, ORs (95%CIs) for those with 10–19 and 1–9 teeth were 1.77 (1.004–3.12) and 0.96 (0.52–1.80), respectively. Conclusion: The absence of regular dental visits and presence of periodontitis are associated with atherosclerosis among community dwellers in Japan.