Breast cancer risk and screening for transgender and gender-diverse individuals

Abstract

Evidence from well-established studies of breast cancer risk in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people is lacking. As a result, current screening guidelines are based on extrapolation from cisgender populations, expert consensus, and retrospective cohort studies. Guideline recommendations focus on knowing patient baseline breast cancer risk and the risks associated with chosen genderaffi rming hormone therapy and gender-affi rming chest surgery. While existing guidelines are helpful, tailored protocols and research on effective breast cancer screening specifi c to TGD people are needed.