Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces: An Overview of Their Features, Failure Mechanisms, and Applications

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has made it possible to create complicated geometries and lattice structures, and it is also the greatest approach for producing nature-inspired cellular structures. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) cellular structure, which is additively built, has a high strength-to-weight ratio, making it useful in various applications, including structural weight reduction, biomedical, aerospace, and impact absorption. TPMS is a natural-inspired surface with zero mean curvature and a local minimal area. The type of structure, loading mechanism, unit cell characteristics, and relative density significantly affect the structure’s strength and stiffness. As a result, this article will cover the history, classification, characteristics, manufacturing processes, failure mechanism, and applications of the TPMS.