Initial Active Phase of In-Vessel Composting of Sewage Sludge, Leaves and Rice Straw

Abstract

This work studied the characteristics of leaf, rice straw, and sewage sludge (SS) co-composting with the aim of determining the best composting ratio by monitoring temperature changes, oxygen (O2) concentration, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, ammonia (NH3) concentration, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), heavy metal content, carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio), germination index (GI), moisture content (MC), and volatile solids (VS) content during the composting process. Three composting piles with the mixture ratios of 4:1:1 (Pile A), 5:1:1 (Pile B), and 6:1:1(Pile C) (SS: leaf: rice straw) were tested. According to the temperature, C/N ratio, germination index, MC, and VS, the level of compost maturity in Pile B with a 5:1:1 mixing ratio was higher than that in Piles A and C. The contents of heavy metals in the composts were shown to meet the grade A standard in CJ/T 309-2009 (2009), except Cu and Zn, which was within the grade B standard.