Finite element analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a split lid-driven square cavity with Y-shaped obstacle

Abstract

The constructal design-based model is reported to analyze the thermal control and heat augmentation inside a split lid-driven square cavity. A Y-shaped obstacle is placed within the cavity, which is filled with Al2O3-Cu-water hybrid nanofluids. The concept of the split-lid-driven cavity is utilized for the first time. The governing flow mathematical structure is obtained in terms of a system of partial differential equations and converted to a non-dimensional form through dimensionless variables. The numerical experiments are performed by employing a Galerkin finite element scheme for different values of involved physical parameters. The effects of pertinent parameters on the streamlines, isotherms, dimensionless temperature, and Nusselt numbers are investigated for different values of the Richardson number. Due to the simultaneous motion of the split-lids, the streamlines and isotherms show symmetrical distribution. The local Nusselt number increases with the moving split-lids and attains the maximum value when both lids meet. The average Nusselt number decreases with an increase in the Richardson number. It is important to note that the Y-shaped obstacle enhances the heat transfer rate in the cavity.