Optimization of fruit and vegetable logistics in the Port of Valparaíso, Chile, through strategic logistics platforms and blockchain technology

Abstract

This study addresses optimizing the fruit and vegetable logistics chain at the Port of Valparaíso, Chile, a key hub for exports in the Southern Hemisphere. Through an integrated approach, it combines logistics platforms (in Limache and Quillota), blockchain technology, and a Capacitated Facility Location Problem (CFLP) mathematical model. These tools help mitigate traffic congestion, high logistics costs, and limited traceability, achieving up to a 25% savings in operating expenses, a 30% reduction in CO₂ emissions, and a 50% decrease in waiting times. Integrating blockchain ensures immutable records, improving supply chain trust and the quality of exported products. This proposal, aligned with Industry 5.0 principles, promotes economic resilience and sustainability, positioning the Port of Valparaíso as an international benchmark for logistics innovation. The framework can be replicated in other ports, contributing to more efficient and sustainable supply chains and reducing urban congestion. Finally, the paper discusses social and political risks associated with infrastructure development, compares MILP with other optimization methods (heuristics or metaheuristics), and expands on the model’s potential application to different ports, including dry ports or those with limited capacity.