The Formation and Characterization of Multicomponent CrystalPiperin-Urea Using The Solvent Drop Grinding Technique

Abstract

Piperine is an alkaloid found in the fruits and roots of Piper nigrum. Piperine has an almost insoluble solubility in water. Piperine has pharmacological activities such as antihypertensive andantiplatelet, antioxidant, antitumor, antiasthma, antidepressant, and hepatoprotective. This study aims to increasethesolubility of piperine by forming multicomponent crystals using urea as a coformer. Multicomponent crystals were prepared with a mole ratio of 2:1usingthe Solvent Drop Grinding method. Multicomponent crystals were characterized by X-Ray Dif raction (XRD), Dif erential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and dissolution test. The results of the multicomponent crystal characterization showed an improvement in the physicochemical properties of piperine. The x-raydiffraction pattern of the multicomponent crystals showsthe same diffractogram as the constituent components, which indicates that no new crystalline phases are formed. The DSC thermogramshows the sameendothermic peak for both components. FTIR characterizationshowed no shift in the peak of the piperine group. The SEM results did not reveal anynewcrystal habit forms. In the dissolution test, it was found that the percentage of dissolution at 60 minutes of piperine had a value of 36.148%, andamulticomponent crystal of 50.530%, this indicates that the formation of multicomponent crystals can increase the dissolution rate of piperine by 1.39 times.